From The New Yorker: "Take fish pain. Several studies have suggested that it isn't just a reflexive response, the way your hand pulls back involuntarily from a hot stove, but a version of the ouch! that hits you in your conscious brain. For this reason and others, (some researchers) think fish behavior is richer in intent than previously suspected. The frillfin goby memorizes the topography of its area as it swims around, and then, when the tide is low, uses that mental map to leap from one pool to the next. Tuskfish are adept at using tools (they carry clams around, for smashing on well-chosen rocks), while cleaner wrasses outperform chimpanzees on certain inductive-learning tests."
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