Liquor sales in Ohio have jumped more than $500 million in the past decade, and since 2012, the number of craft brewers in the state have increased more than 400 percent.
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Recent laws have also sought to make Ohio a friendlier market to more niche alcohol products. A 2017 law allows businesses to create and sell alcoholic ice cream while a 2015 law permits the sale of liquors at farmers markets, and a 2016 policy established an “Ohio Farm Winery Permit” that allows people to sell their products directly to consumers.
Alterations to state laws have been sensible and followed the demands of local businesses, said Jacob Evans, counsel for legislative affairs of the Wholesale Beer and Wine Association of Ohio.
But some health advocates say Ohio’s alcohol laws “are not aligned with evidence.” Health Policy Institute of Ohio officials said the state has “relatively low” taxes on alcohol and state leaders should consider increasing them to combat excessive drinking.
“There are certainly many powerful stakeholder groups that benefit from increased accessibility to alcohol,” said Amy Bush Stevens, vice president of prevention at HPIO. “So that’s definitely a challenge.”
The increasing availability of alcohol and its use in more products and food poses a danger, said Cindy Clouner, managing director of the Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Drug Misuse and Prevention at Ohio State University.
“I think what that does is it really normalizes alcohol being around us and also increases the risk people are drinking alcohol in high-risk ways,” Clouner said. “Perception is reality and the perception is always that people are consuming higher rates of alcohol.”
Side effects
As Ohio’s alcohol laws have changed, binge drinking rates have creeped higher and increased access may be to blame, said Clouner.
Binge drinking is commonly defined as four drinks for a woman and five for a man within a two-hour period, according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. A survey from the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, shows the rate of excessive drinking has increased in nearly every area county.
Preble County saw the highest rise in binge drinking, increasing by 7 percent since 2011, the earliest year for which data is available from the institute.
Greene, Champaign, Butler and Warren counties have the highest rate in the area with 19 percent of residents reporting they binge drink. Montgomery County’s rate of binge drinking is 16 percent, according to survey data from the institute.
“It definitely adds a different layer of complexity,” Clouner said. “I think it’s important for communities to really be mindful about the messages they’re sending about alcohol consumption.”
The overall percentage of Ohioans who binge drink increased from 17 percent in 2011 to 19 percent as of this year, according to the survey
Ohio has seen a recent rise in the number of people who have died in car crashes where drivers were operating a vehicle under the influence, according to data from the Ohio State Highway Patrol. The number of OVI-related traffic deaths in Ohio increased nearly 15 percent from 2014 to 2018, growing from 350 to 402, respectively, according to the state patrol.
There’s hope, Haines said, that ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft can help reduce OVI accidents even if drinking is increasing.
“No matter what you choose to do other than drive after you’ve been drinking, if it is using a ride-share service, getting a taxi, having a friend or designated driver, it’s always infinitely safer than it would be if you made a bad decision and were out drinking and driving,” Haines said.
‘Culture change’
The alcohol industry’s success has surged in Ohio as the state has updated its laws.
The sale of hard liquor skyrocketed in the last decade, as sales increased by more than half-a-billion dollars from $697 million in 2008 to $1.2 billion last year, according to the Ohio Department of Commerce. JobsOhio, the state’s private nonprofit economic development agency, is funded through Ohio liquor operation profits.
Ohio’s craft beer industry has also expanded dramatically, growing from 45 craft breweries in 2011 to around 250 as of 2018.
“The Department of Liquor Control reevaluated the permit fees in 2012. For a place like Warped Wing today — which includes production, brewery, retail tasting room and self-distribution — you were looking north of $8,000 a year for an annual permit. That permit went down closer to $1,000, said one of its founders Nick Bowman.
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“As you can imagine, for some of the smaller breweries, start-up breweries, $8,000 is a significant portion of your startup costs. When it moved to $1,000, you saw a lot of people jumping into the business because the barriers to entry were lower.”
One recent change impacting local businesses was the passage of the “brunch bill,” a ballot measure that allowed downtown businesses to start serving alcohol at 10 a.m. Sundays instead of 11 a.m.
‘A difficult balance’
Although there are more products and vendors selling alcohol, business owners said they have a handle on them.
The impact of changes to statewide policies is top of mind, said Evans. If a major public health issue were to develop as the result of a policy change, it would be bad for the businesses the association serves, Evans said.
“That’s a difficult balance. We take a look at that with all of these changes we make to Ohio law,” Evans said. “I think you won’t see great sweeping change because of the respect for public health.”
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Unless there is a new business or product, there will likely only be minor “tweaks” to current law, Evans said.
One policy shifts in recent years was the elimination of alcohol limits in beers brewed in the Buckeye State.
Until a 2016 bill was signed into law, the alcohol content of beer made in Ohio was 12 percent. Now, there is no limit to the amount alcohol brewers can include.
The variation in the amount of alcohol in beer presents a big issue as consumers don’t always realize how strong a brew is, Clouner said.
The 2016 law also established specific labeling requirements for beers that are more than 12 percent alcohol. Although Warped Wing has not taken advantage of the lack of an alcohol limit for beer, Bowman said it’s up to brewers and bartenders to keep customers informed.
“(They should) make sure that their bartenders, beer-tenders behind the bar are trained…so they can recognize when people may have been over-served,” Bowman said. “Every brewery should feel responsibility to their consumers.”
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NOTABLE CHANGES
The following laws were implemented sometime between 2012 and 2017.
• Alcoholic ice cream: Allows the creation of ice cream with alcohol of up to 6 percent by volume.
• Pedal pubs: Exempts quadricycles, often referred to as pedal pubs, to have open containers of alcohol.
• Motorsports: Allows people to bring their own alcohol to a motorsports facility.
• Free samples: Allows suppliers of alcohol to provide samples at a retail location.
• No limit: Eliminates the previous limit of beers being 12 percent alcohol.
• Permits: Small craft breweries no longer need to pay for an additional permit to sell their products in their facilities.
Source: The Health Policy Institute of Ohio.